The Philosophy of the Upanisads
	About the Author About the Book 1. The Background of Upanisadic Speculation The Significance of the Study of the Upanisads The Upanisads and the Rigveda The Upanisads and the Atharvaveda The Upanisads and the Brahmanas Meaning of Revelation 2. Chronology of the Upanisads Their Basic Content Meaning of the Word Upanisad Early and Later Upanisads Main contents of the Upanisads The Brhadaaranyaka Upanisad The Chhaandogya Upanisad The Isa Upanisad The Kena Upanisad The Aitareya Upanisad The Taittiriya Upanisad The Kaushitaki Upanisad The Katha Upanisad The Mundaka Upanisad The Svetaasvatara Upanisad The Prasna Upanisad The Maitri Upanisad The Maandukya Upanisad The Problems of the Upanisadic Philosophy 3. The Methods of the Upanisadic Philosophy The Enigmatic Method The Aphoristic Method The Etymological Method The Mythical Method The Analogical Method The Dialectic Method The Synthetic Method The Mono-logic Method The Ad-hoc Method The Regressive Method The Poetry of the Upanisads 4. The Philosophers of the Upanisads and theirTemporal Environment The Mystical Philosophers The Cosmological Philosophers The Psychological Philosophers The Metaphysical Philosophers Saandilya Dadhyach Sanatkumaara Aaruni Yaajnavalkya Social Conditions of the Upanisadic Philosophers Caste System Asrama System Position of Women The Relation of the Brahmins and the Kshatriyas 5. The Development of Upanisadic Cosmogony a) Impersonalistic Theories of Cosmology Search after the Substratum Water as the Substratum Air Fire Space Not-Being Not-Being and the Egg of the Universe Being Praana The Controversy between Praana and the Organs of Sense Praana, a Bio-psycho-metaphysical conception b) Personalistic Theories of Cosmogony The Idea of a Creator and the Creation of Mythological and Philosophical Dualities The Atman and the Creation of the Duality of Sex Creation by the Atman through the Intermediary Person Atman and the Theory of Emanation The Personal-Impersonal Theory of Creation in Mundaka The Theistic Theory of Creation in the Svetaasvatara Upanisad The Theory of Independent Parallelism as an explanation of the Analogies of Upanisadic and Greek Philosophies 6. Varieties of Psychological Reflection Empirical Psychology The Relation of Mind to Alimentation Attention Involves Suspension of Breath Analysis of Fear The Claim of Will for Primacy The Claim of Intellect for Primacy Classification of Mental States Intellectualistic Psychology and Idealistic Metaphysics Varieties of Psychological Reflection Abnormal Psychology The Problem of Death in the Chhaandogya Upanisad The Problem of Death in the Katha Upanisad The Problem of Sleep – the Fatigue and Puritan Theories The Problem of Sleep: The Praana and the Brahman Theories The Dream Problem Early Psychical Research The Power of Thought Rational Psychology The Seat of the Soul The Heart and the Brain as Seats The Relation of the Body and the Soul The History of the Spatial Extension of the Soul The Soul Infinitely Large and Infinitely Small Analysis of the States of Consciousness The Microcosm and the Macrocosm The Sheaths of the Soul Limitations on Interpretation of Sheaths Sheaths – Substance The Idea of Transmigration - an Aryan Idea Transmigration in the Rigveda – the Tenth Mandala Transmigration in the Rigveda – the First Mandala The Ethno-psychological Development of the Idea of Transmigration Transmigration in the Upanisads The Destiny of the Evil Soul Eschatology in the Brhadaaranyaka Upanisad Eschatology in the Chhaandogya Upanisad – the Two Paths The Moral Backbone of the Upanisadic Eschatology Variation in the Conception of the Path of the Gods The Idea of Immortal Life 7. Roots of Later Philosophies General The Upanisads and Buddhism The Upanisads and the Saamkhya Philosophy The Saamkhya Philosophy in the Svetaasvatara Upanisad The Upanisads and Yoga The Upanisads and Nyaya-Vaiseshika The Upanisads and Mimansa The Upanisads and Saivism Phrase-logical and Ideological Identities between the Upanisads and the Bhagavad-Gita Development of the Bhagavad-Gita over the Upanisads The Asvattha in the Upanisads and the Bhagavad-Gita The Krishna of the Chhaandogya Upanisad and the Krishna of the Bhagavad-Gita The Upanisads and the Schools of the Vedanta Madhva-ism in the Uapanisads The Triune Absolute of Ramanuja God – the Soul of Nature God – the Soul of souls Ramanuja’s Doctrine of Immortality The Fundamental Propositions of Shankara’s Philosophy The Absolute - the Only Reality The Negative-Positive Characterization of the Absolute Shankara’s Doctrines of Identity, Creation and Immortality Three Theories about the Origin of the Doctrine of Maya The Doctrine of Maya in the Upanisads Vicissitudes in the Historical Development of the Doctrineof Maya 8. The Ultimate Reality in the Upanisads General The Supreme Philosophical Problem The Three Approaches to the Problem of the Ultimate Reality in the History of Thought: Cosmological, Theological and Psychological The Cosmological Approach Regress from the Cosmological to the Physiological Categories Regress from the Cosmological and Physiological to the Psychological Categories The Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God –God is All-powerful God is Supreme Resplendence God is the Subtle Essence underlying Phenomenal Existence The Physical-theological Argument The Theological Approach Regress from Polytheism to Monotheism The Theistic Conception of God and His Identification with the Self The Immanence-Transcendence of God The Psychological Approach The Conception of the Self Reached by an Analysis of the Various Physiological and Psychological Categories The States of Consciousness: Waking-Consciousness, Dream-Consciousness, Sleep-Consciousness, and Self-Consciousness The Ontological Argument for the Existence of the Self The Significance of Self-Consciousness Self-Consciousness – Its Epistemological and Metaphysical Significance Contrasted with the Mystical Significance The Epistemology of Self-Consciousness The Metaphysics of Self-consciousness 9. The Ethics of the Upanisads General Metaphysics, Morality and Mysticism Theories of the Moral Standard Heteronomy Theonomy Autonomy Theories of the Moral Ideal Anti-Hedonism Pessimism Asceticism, Satyagraha and Quietism Spiritual Activism Phenomenal Activism Eudaemonism Beatificism Self-Realization The Ethical and the Mystical Sides of Self-Realization Supermoralism Practical Ethics Virtues in the Brhadaaranyaka Upanisad Virtues and Vices in the Chhaandogya Upanisad The Hortatory precepts in the Taittiriya Upanisad Truth – The Supreme Virtue Freedom of the Will The Ideal of the Sage 10. Intimations of Self-Realization Philosophy is to Mysticism as Knowledge is to Being The Lower Knowledge and the Higher Knowledge Qualifications for Self-Realization Necessity of Initiation by a Spiritual Preceptor The Parable of the Blindfolded Man Precautions to be observed in Imparting Spiritual Wisdom Meditation by means of AUM – The Way to Realization The Exaltation of AUM in the Maandukya Upanisad Practice of Yoga Yoga Doctrine in the Svetaasvatara Upanisad The Faculty of God-Realization The Thorough Immanence of God Types of Mystical Experience The Acme of Mystic Realization Reconciliation of Contradictions in the Atman Effects of Realization on the Mystic Raptures of Mystic Ecstasy Appendix